Comparative analysis of conventional ultrasound and shear wave elastography features in primary breast diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

BACKGROUND: Primary breast diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PB-DLBCL) is a rare subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that accounts for < 3% of extranodal lymphomas and 1% of breast tumors. Its diagnosis and management are challenging because of its rarity, heterogeneity, and aggressive behavior. Conventional ultrasound (US) is the first-line imaging modality for breast lesions; however, it has limited specificity and accuracy for PB-DLBCL. Shear wave elastography (SWE) is a novel US technique that measures tissue stiffness and may reflect the histological characteristics and biological behavior of breast lesions. AIM: To compare the conventional US and SWE features of PB-DLBCL and evaluate their diagnostic performance and prognostic value. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data and US images of 32 patients with pathologically confirmed PB-DLBCL who underwent conventional US and SWE before treatment. We analyzed conventional US features (shape, margin, orientation, echo, posterior acoustic features, calcification, and vascularity) and SWE features (mean elasticity value, standard deviation, minimum elasticity value, maximum elasticity value, and lesion-to-fat ratio) of the PB-DLBCL lesions. Using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, we determined the optimal cutoff values and diagnostic performance of conventional US and SWE features. We also performed a survival analysis to assess the prognostic value of conventional US and SWE features. RESULTS: The results showed that the PB-DLBCL lesions were mostly irregular in shape (84.4%), microlobulated or spiculated in margins (75%), parallel in orientation (65.6%), hypoechoic in echo (87.5%), and had posterior acoustic enhancement (65.6%). Calcification was rare (6.3%) and vascularity was variable (31.3% avascular, 37.5% hypovascular, and 31.3% hypervascular). The mean elasticity value of PB-DLBCL lesions was significantly higher than that of benign breast lesions (113.4 ± 46.9 kPa vs 27.8 ± 16.4 kPa, P < 0.001). The optimal cutoff value of the mean elasticity for distinguishing PB-DLBCL from benign breast lesions was 54.5 kPa, with a sensitivity of 93.8%, specificity of 92.9%, positive predictive value of 93.8%, negative predictive value of 92.9%, and accuracy of 93.3%. The mean elasticity value was also significantly correlated with Ki-67 expression level (r = 0.612, P < 0.001), which is a marker of tumor proliferation and aggressiveness. Survival analysis showed that patients with higher mean elasticity values (> 54.5 kPa) had worse overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) than those with lower mean elasticity values (< 54.5 kPa) (P = 0.038 for OS and P = 0.027 for PFS). CONCLUSION: Conventional US and SWE provide useful information for diagnosing and forecasting PB-DLBCL. SWE excels in distinguishing PB-DLBCL from benign breast lesions, reflects tumor proliferation and aggressiveness, and improves disease management.

Effects of physical activity interventions on executive function in older adults with dementia: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: To date quantitative meta-analysis with large samples to investigate the effects and potential moderators of physical activity (PA) on executive function (EF) in older adults with dementia is insufficient. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis. DESIGN: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). PARTICIPANTS: Old people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) or related dementia of varying types and severity as the primary diagnosis. METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and Embase databases were searched for relevant studies published from 01 January, 2010 to 01 March, 2022. The results of executive function were reported in all RCTs. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to calculate the size of effects. Subgroup analyses of three moderators (including the specific sub-domains of EF, exercise prescription variables, and sample characteristics) were performed. RESULTS: Eighteen RCTs were included with a combined sample size of 1366. Overall, PA interventions improved overall EF (standardized mean difference [SMD]=0.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.05 to 0.41, p<0.05). The EF sub-domain "planning" was significant moderator (SMD=0.31, 95%CI 0.11 to 1.51, p<0.01), but inhibitory control, working memory and cognitive flexibility were not significant. Regarding exercise prescription variables, type of resistance training; moderate intensity; total duration ≤24 weeks and short (once or twice a week) frequency improved overall EF performance. Session length may be a moderator. Regarding sample characteristics, old-old, AD and both dementia and AD had significant benefits. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: EF in older adults with AD or related dementia benefited from physical activity, and the benefit was affected by the type, intensity, total duration, frequency of exercise. Physical activity can be an alternative intervention in aging patients with dementia, to improve EF performance or prevent or EF decline.

Association between BRAF expression in circulating tumor cells and the clinical feature of patients with multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is the most common hematological malignancy with uncontrolled proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells. Despite treatment improvements, MM remains an incurable disease for most patients. Therefore, promising molecular markers are required for MM treatment decisions. In the present study, we explored the relationship between the BRAF expression in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and the clinical features of patients with MM. The results showed that CTCs were associated with MM staging, and the expression of BRAF was associated with different CTCs. Moreover, the BRAF gene was correlated with patients' white blood cells, blood albumin levels, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score. BRAF expression positively correlated with total CTCs, hybrid CTCs, and mesenchymal CTCs. Taken together, CTCs tightly correlated with the clinical stages and characteristics of MM. Our findings may provide a promising prognosis biomarker for MM treatment decisions.

Risk factors for pulmonary embolism in patients with COVID-19: a systemic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: To detect the risk factors for pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients with COVID-19. METHODS: Studies were searched for in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and EMBASE. Two authors independently screened articles and extracted data. The data were pooled by meta-analysis and three subgroup analyses were performed. RESULTS: Of the 2210 articles identified, 27 studies were included. Pooled analysis suggested that males (odds ratio (OR) 1.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26-1.75, P = 0.000), obesity (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.03-1.82, P = 0.033), mechanical ventilation (OR 3.34, 95% CI 1.90-5.86, P = 0.000), severe parenchymal abnormalities (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.43-2.58, P = 0.000), ICU admission (OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.48-4.03, P = 0.000), and elevated D-dimer and white blood cell values (at two time points: hospital admission or closest to computed tomography pulmonary angiography) (P = 0.000) correlated with a risk for PE occurrence in COVID-19 patients. However, age and common comorbidities had no association with PE occurrence. Computed tomography pulmonary angiography, unclear-ratio/low-ratio, and hospitalization subgroups had consistent risk factors with all studies; however, other subgroups had fewer risk factors for PE. CONCLUSIONS: Risk factors for PE in COVID-19 were different from the classic risk factors for PE and are likely to differ in diverse study populations.

Exosomal mRNAs and lncRNAs involved in multiple myeloma resistance to bortezomib.

The bone marrow microenvironment plays an essential role in multiple myeloma (MM) progression. We aimed to explore the alterations of levels of long noncoding RNAs and messenger RNAs (mRNAs), derived from exosomes in peripheral blood, in resistance to bortezomib (Btz) of MM patients. Peripheral blood samples were collected from five Btz-resistant and five Btz-sensitive MM patients. Exosomes in patients' peripheral blood were enriched, and the profiles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and mRNAs in exosomes were determined using deep sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to explore biological function. MTS was employed to determine the viability of Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 8226 and LP-1 cells incubated with exosomes derived from Btz-resistant patients. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to evaluate the levels of exosomal FFAR1, SP9, HIST1H2BG, and ITIH2. Incubation with Btz-resistant patient-derived exosomes significantly increased the viability of Btz-treated RPMI 8226 and LP-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. We identified 482 lncRNAs and 2099 mRNAs deregulated in exosomes of the Btz-resistance group; and 78 mRNAs were enriched in DR-related pathways, including mammalian target of rapamycin, platinum drug resistance, and the cAMP and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt signaling pathways. qPCR results verified the increases in FFAR1 and SP9 and decreases in HIST1H2BG and ITIH2 in Btz-resistant patient-derived exosomes. Moreover, exosomal FFAR1 and SP9 exhibited potential as independent prognostic indicators of survival of MM patients. Our study reveals significant dysregulation of exosomal RNA components in the Btz-resistant group of MM patients as well as several mRNAs that may be used as biomarkers of prognosis of MM patients that are resistant to Btz.

[Responses of soil moisture and photosynthetic characteristics to mulching materials and ridge-to-furrow ratios in rapeseed fields in southwest dryland of China]. / è¥¿å—æ—±åœ°æ²¹èœç”°åœŸå£¤æ°´åˆ†å’Œä½œç‰©å ‰åˆç‰¹å¾å¯¹è¦†ç›–ææ–™å’Œåž„æ²Ÿæ¯”çš„å“åº”.

In order to deal with the frequent seasonal drought and improve water use efficiency and crop photosynthetic efficiency in drylands of southwest China, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different mulching materials (common white film, common black film, biodegradable film and no film) and ridge-to-furrow ratios (40 cm:40 cm and 40 cm:80 cm) on soil water storage, as well as photosynthetic characteristics, fluorescence parameters and chlorophyll relative content (SPAD) of rapeseed, with the flat planting as the control. The results showed that the average soil water storage under different mulching materials followed the order: ridge with common black film (BR) ≈ ridge with common white film (WR) ≈ ridge with biodegradable film (BDR) ＞ ridge with no film (NR) ＞ flat planting (FP). Meanwhile, ridge-to-furrow ratios did not affect soil water storage. The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and fluorescence para-meters (Fm, Fv, Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo, qP and qN) of rapeseed under ridge-furrow with film mulching was higher than those under flat planting. Compared with control, SPAD value was improved by 6.1%, 8.6%, 8.5% and 3.6% under WR, BR, BDR and NR, while instantaneous water use efficiency (IWUE) was increased by 18.3%, 11.4%, 16.3% and 10.4% under those treatments, respectively. Rapeseed yield under BR, WR and BDR was significantly higher than that in control, while NR did not increase yield. The treatment of ridge with common black film + 40 cm:40 cm as ridge-to-furrow ratio could gain the highest economic benefit. Ridge-furrow planting of rainfall harvesting could improve soil moisture, increase crop photosynthetic capacity, and raise yield and economic income in rapeseed fields in drylands of southwest China.

Efficacy and Safety of Corticosteroid Treatment in Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is a type of pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection that was identified in December 2019. Corticosteroid therapy was empirically used for clinical treatment in the early stage of the disease outbreak; however, data regarding its efficacy and safety are controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of corticosteroid therapy in patients with COVID-19. METHODS: The PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, and China Science and Technology Journal (VIP) databases were searched for studies. Data on clinical improvement, mortality, virus clearance time, adverse events (AEs), utilization of mechanical ventilation, length of intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization, and hospital stay were extracted by two authors independently. Study quality was assessed by the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (cohort studies). The pooled data were meta-analyzed using a random effects model, and the quality of evidence was rated using the GRADE approach. RESULTS: Eleven cohort studies (corticosteroid group vs control group), two retrospective cohort studies (without control group), and seven case studies were identified. A total of 2840 patients were included. Compared with the control treatments, corticosteroid therapy was associated with clinical recovery (RR = 1.30, 95% CI [0.98, 1.72]) and a significantly shortened length of ICU hospitalization (RR = -6.50; 95% CI [-7.63 to -5.37]), but it did not affect the mortality ((RR = 1.59; 95% CI [0.69-3.66], I2 = 93.5%), utilization of mechanical ventilation (RR = 0.35; 95% CI [0.10, 1.18]), duration of symptoms (WMD = 1.69; 95% CI [-0.24 to 3.62]) or virus clearance time (RR = 1.01; 95% CI [-0.91 to 2.92], I2 = 57%) in COVID-19 patients. Treatment with corticosteroids in patients with COVID-19 may cause mild adverse outcomes. The quality of evidence was low or very low for all outcomes. CONCLUSION: The findings of our study indicate that corticosteroid therapy is not highly effective, but it appears to improve prognosis and promote clinical recovery in patients with severe COVID-19.

Phytoseiid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae) in Nanling National Nature Reserve, Guangdong, China.

Nanling National Nature Reserve is the biggest natural reserve in Guangdong Province. It is located on the south side of the Nanling middle mountain range, bordering on Hunan Province. During Oct. 28-Nov. 2, 2018, a survey was carried out to investigate the fauna of phytoseiid mites in Nanling National Nature Reserve. A total of 17 species in eight genera and two subfamilies was recorded, including two new species Transeius conyzoides Fang Wu sp. nov. and Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) huangjiaensis Fang Wu sp. nov. A checklist of all species is presented in this paper, and the two new species are described and illustrated.

Clinical value of coronary artery tracking freezing technique in improving the quality of CT coronary images / 中国基层医药

Objective To explore the clinical value of cardiac coronary artery tracking and freezing (SSF) in improving the quality of CT coronary images.Methods A total of 52 patients who underwent coronary angiography (CTA) scan from December 2015 to December 2017 in the Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Zhuhai were enrolled.The patients were divided into two groups according to the heart rate of the patients .The heart rate in high heart rate group (24 cases) was＞75 beats／min.The heart rate in low heart rate group (28 cases) was ≤75 beats／min.The two groups used the standard algorithm ( STD) and SSF technique to reconstruct the image separately.The obtained images were obtained by multiple names.The diagnostician performed the analysis and scored the quality of the coronary image using the LiKert 5-point scoring system.The score of ＜3 points required CTA examination again to evaluate the value of SSF in improving CT coronary image quality.Results The STD and SSF image quality scores of the high heart rate group were (2.33 ±0.87)points and (3.99 ±0.82)points,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(t＝-7.347,P＜0.05).The STD and SSF image quality scores of the low heart rate group were (3.15 ±1.06)points and (4.23 ±0.65)points,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (t＝-4.596,P＜0.05).The STD and SSF image quality scores between the two groups had statistically significant differ -ences (t＝5.723,7.386,all P＜0.05).In the high heart rate group,the image quality scores reconstructed using SSF technique was increased by 71%,which in the low heart rate group was increased by 34%,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( χ2 ＝9.668, P ＜0.05).Conclusion SSF algorithm can improve image quality of CTA,especially in patients with high heart rate.

Clinical value of coronary artery tracking freezing technique in improving the quality of CT coronary images / 中国基层医药

Objective@#To explore the clinical value of cardiac coronary artery tracking and freezing(SSF) in improving the quality of CT coronary images.@*Methods@#A total of 52 patients who underwent coronary angiography(CTA) scan from December 2015 to December 2017 in the Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Zhuhai were enrolled.The patients were divided into two groups according to the heart rate of the patients.The heart rate in high heart rate group (24 cases) was>75 beats/min.The heart rate in low heart rate group(28 cases) was ≤75 beats/min.The two groups used the standard algorithm(STD) and SSF technique to reconstruct the image separately.The obtained images were obtained by multiple names.The diagnostician performed the analysis and scored the quality of the coronary image using the LiKert 5-point scoring system.The score of <3 points required CTA examination again to evaluate the value of SSF in improving CT coronary image quality.@*Results@#The STD and SSF image quality scores of the high heart rate group were (2.33±0.87)points and (3.99±0.82)points, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant(t=-7.347, P<0.05). The STD and SSF image quality scores of the low heart rate group were (3.15±1.06)points and (4.23±0.65)points, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant(t=-4.596, P<0.05). The STD and SSF image quality scores between the two groups had statistically significant differences (t=5.723, 7.386, all P<0.05). In the high heart rate group, the image quality scores reconstructed using SSF technique was increased by 71%, which in the low heart rate group was increased by 34%, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(χ2=9.668, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#SSF algorithm can improve image quality of CTA, especially in patients with high heart rate.

[Peripheral blood exosomes from patients with multiple myeloma mediate bortezomib resistance in cultured multiple myeloma cells].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of exosome in mediating bortezomib (Btz) resistance in multiple myeloma cells in vitro and explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS: Peripheral blood samples were collected from 15 patients with multiple myeloma with Btz tolerance, and serum exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation and identified with electron microscopy, NTA and Western blotting. In vitro cultured multiple myeloma cells were treated with gradient concentrations of Btz to determine the optimal drug concentration for subsequent experiment. The cells were pretreated with different concentrations of exosomes, and their sensitivity to BTZ was assessed using MTS assay. We searched the exosome database Exocarta and used STRING to generate the network map and the protein interaction graph. RESULTS: The diameters of the vesicles isolated from the peripheral blood of the patients were mostly below 200 nm with a mean particle size of 153 nm and a mode of 140.1 nm. The results of Western blotting showed that the isolated exosomes expressed the marker proteins CD63, Tsg101 and Alix. In cultured multiple myeloma cells, pretreatment with exosomes resulted in a decreased sensitivity of the cells to bortezomib, and longer treatment durations and higher exosome concentrations consistently enhanced the resistance of the cells to the same Btz concentration. Analysis of the Exocarta database identified human serum exosomal proteins ABCB1, ABCB4, PDCD6IP, and EGFR, among which EGFR served as a network node. CONCLUSIONS: Exosome within a specific concentration range may serve as a signal carrier to mediate the resistance of multiple myeloma cells to Btz. EGFR likely plays a key role to promote exosome-mediated Btz resistance in myeloma cells.

[Effects of Chinese milk vetch intercropped with rape under straw mulching on soil aggregate and organic carbon character]. / 秸秆覆盖条件下紫云英间作油菜的土壤团聚体及有机碳特征.

There are severe soil erosion, shallow soil, reduction of soil organic matter, and poor soil and water conservation in purple soil areas in Southwest China, which become the main limiting factors for the sustainable development of agriculture. A series of buckets and field experiments in the field were employed to explore the soil aggregate and soil organic carbon in response to Chinese milk vetch intercropped with rape under straw mulching, aiming to improve soil aggregate structure and increase organic carbon content. Results showed that intercropped Chinese milk vetch increased soil micro-aggregate content in rape rhizosphere, and reduced soil aggregate mean mass diameter. The change of soil macro-aggregate in rape rhizosphere was mainly caused by the change of content of soil aggregate on 10-5 mm and 5-2 mm, while the soil micro-aggregate was mainly caused by soil aggregate on 0.25-0.053 mm. Intercropped Chinese milk vetch and straw mulching significantly increased soil organic carbon content after corn growing season, with increasing the content of soil organic carbon on 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm. Though intercropped Chinese milk vetch and straw mulching had less effect on soil total organic carbon in rape season, more and more significant effect on 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-30 cm with rape growing, especially in stem elongation stage, flowering stage, and harvest stage. Our results showed that the characteristic of soil aggregate in rape rhizosphere could be changed by intercropped Chinese milk vetch, and that the content of soil organic carbon could be increased by Chinese milk vetch intercropped with rape under straw mul-ching.

Meta-analysis of reference values of haemostatic markers during pregnancy and childbirth.

Previously reported haemostatic reference intervals in normal pregnancy displayed considerable contradictions to establish convince gestational age-related haemostatic reference values. 30 clinical reports were recruited to collect and assemble existing clinical reports from the database D-dimer levels increased progressively with gestational ages and exceeded conventional value of 1 mg/L after 29-36 weeks, and reached a peak at 24 h postpartum with mean value of 6.44 mg/L [95% confidence interval (CI): 5.84 to 7.05] and returned to 0.79 mg/L (95% CI: 0.43 to 1.16) at 1-8 weeks postpartum. Analogously, the level of fibrinogen gradually increased throughout the pregnancy, and peaked at 48-72 h after birth, with mean value of 9.05 g/L (95% CI: 2.22 to 15.89) and then returned to 3.62 g/L (95% CI: 3.03 to 4.20) at 1-8 weeks postpartum. However, in the middle trimester, asynchronously prothromb in fragments 1 + 2 (F1+2) level elevated and reached a peak at 28-36 weeks with mean value of 3.05 nmol/L (95% CI: 2.41 to 3.70), and then decreased in the later trimester, and reached 1.92 nmol/L (95% CI: 0.58 to 3.27) at 48-72 h post-partum, close to normal levels. Previously reported gestational age-related haemostatic reference intervals in pregnancy could not be used as a standard.

[Effects of intercropping Chinese milk vetch on functional characteristics of soil microbial community in rape rhizosphere]. / é—´ä½œç´«äº‘è‹±ä¸‹æ²¹èœæ ¹é™ åœŸå£¤å¾®ç”Ÿç‰©ç¾¤è½åŠŸèƒ½ç‰¹å¾.

The application of green manure is facing serious problems in purple soil region of southwest China. With the aim to explore the potential application of green manure, we examined the functional characteristics of soil microbial community in a system of Chinese milk vetch intercropped with rape. The innovations are the application of Chinese milk vetch in dry land of the southwest China and the establishment of new planting pattern of rape by providing empirical data. Results showed that the intercropping with Chinese milk vetch decreased the carbon resource use efficiency of microbial community in rape rhizosphere, especially for the utilization of carbohydrates. At the same time, Shannon index, Simpson index, and richness were reduced, but evenness index was increased by intercropping. Those results from cluster analysis and principal component analysis suggest that the soil microbial community composition was significantly different between monocropping and intercropping. The carbohydrates, amino acids and carboxylic acids were the sensitive carbon sources for differentiating the changes of the microbial community induced by monocropping and intercropping. Intercropping Chinese milk vetch could decrease functional activity, change community composition, and reduce diversity of soil microbial community in rape rhizosphere.

[Comparision of Ecological Risk Assessment Based on the Total Amount and Speciation Distribution of Heavy Metals in Soil:A Case Study for Longyan City, Fujian Province].

A total of 110 topsoil samples and 61 crop samples along the Lantian-Yangdong Villages were collected in Shizhong, Longyan City. The total amount and speciation of heavy metals(Pb, Cd, As) in soil and crops were determined. The characteristics of the absorption of heavy metals by specific crops in the study area were analyzed, and a new method of risk assessment based on the heavy metal speciation and its bioavailability was established by statistical analysis. This new method was used to evaluate the soil ecological risk and to compare it with the traditional method of potential ecological risk index (RI). The results indicated that the Lantian-Yangdong Villages were located in an area where Pb, Cd, and As mainly originate from the natural soil parent material with weak human disturbance. There was no significant Pb or As pollution in the whole region. Cd was the main pollutant with low pollution intensity. Four types of biological components except for the residual form followed the order of Cd(53.28%) > Pb(43.28%) > As(30.71%). Correlation and regression analyses of total metal concentrations, heavy metal speciation, and crop uptake in the study area showed that the correlations between the total amount of heavy metals and the ion exchange state, carbonate state, and other active forms were low; the results even showed nonlinear relationships between those variables.The ion exchange state had the greatest effect on the absorption of Pb, Cd, and As by coix seed and rice. From the perspective of bioavailability, the new method based on the heavy metal speciation was more accurate than the traditional method based on the total amount of heavy metals.

Diagnostic value of dual-tracer PET imaging in Alzheimer's disease / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of dual-tracer PET imaging in Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods For this study,we enrolled 11 patients who were diagnosed clinically with AD and 7 age-matched healthy controls who underwent 11 C-PIB and 18 F-FDG PET brain imaging in the same period.Visual evaluation was used to observe the distribution of tracers.ROI technology and brain metabolism analysis software were used to quantify the uptake levels of PIB and FDG.Results Compared with that in HC group,FDG imaging pattern in AD group was presented as focal hypometabolism in posterior cingutate,superior frontal lobe,inferior frontal lobe, superior parietal lobe and lateral temporal lobe.PIB retention was mainly in bilateral superior frontal lobe,inferior frontal lobe,superior parietal lobe,lateral temporal lobe and posterior cingulate gyrus in images of equilibrium phase.The two FDG imaging results were basically in agreement with each other.Conclusion PIB with combined FDG PET imaging can provide more accurate information in diagnosis of AD.Further study is needed to confirm the effectiveness and practicability of this technology.

Diagnostic value of dual-tracer PET imaging in Alzheimer's disease / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of dual-tracer PET imaging in Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods For this study,we enrolled 11 patients who were diagnosed clinically with AD and 7 age-matched healthy controls who underwent 11 C-PIB and 18 F-FDG PET brain imaging in the same period.Visual evaluation was used to observe the distribution of tracers.ROI technology and brain metabolism analysis software were used to quantify the uptake levels of PIB and FDG.Results Compared with that in HC group,FDG imaging pattern in AD group was presented as focal hypometabolism in posterior cingutate,superior frontal lobe,inferior frontal lobe, superior parietal lobe and lateral temporal lobe.PIB retention was mainly in bilateral superior frontal lobe,inferior frontal lobe,superior parietal lobe,lateral temporal lobe and posterior cingulate gyrus in images of equilibrium phase.The two FDG imaging results were basically in agreement with each other.Conclusion PIB with combined FDG PET imaging can provide more accurate information in diagnosis of AD.Further study is needed to confirm the effectiveness and practicability of this technology.

Relationship between Clopidogrel Response ,Early Neurological Deterioration and CYP2C19 Gene Polymorphism in Symptomatic Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis (sICAS)Patients / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

[Objective]To investigate the relationship between clopidogrel response , early neurological deterioration and CYP2C19 gene polymorphism in sICAS patients.[Methods]116 sICAS patients were divided into deterioration group and non-deterio?ration group by whether appear early nervous function deterioration. Record included the baseline data,the genotypes of CYP2C19, platelet maximum aggregation rate after 7 days of given clopidogrel,CYP2C19 genotype and clopidogrel reaction were compared be?tween two groups.[Results]The deterioration group combination with diabetes ,stroke/TIA were significantly higher than the non-de?terioration group(P<0.05);The frequency of CYP2C19*2 AA genotype and A allele were significantly higher than those in non-dete?rioration group. The frequency of GG genotype were significantly lower than non-deterioration group (27.27% vs 2.13%,50.00% vs 14.84%,27.27% vs 72.34%)(P<0.01);The poor metabolic genotype platelet maximum aggregation rate were significantly higher than that of the fast-metabolic genotype and middle metabolic genotype(P<0.01,P<0.05),Middle metabolic genotype platelet maxi?mum aggregation rate were significantly higher than fast-metabolic genotype(P<0.01);The deterioration group fast-metabolic geno?type were significantly lower than non-deterioration group ,poor metabolic genotype were significantly higher than non-deterioration group(22.73% vs 65.96%,36.36% vs 5.32%)(P<0.01);Clopidogrel resistance rate 59.09% were significantly higher non-deteriora?tion group 28.72%(P<0.05).[Conclusion]Clopidogrel response and early neurological deterioration in sICAS patients is associatedwith CYP2C19 gene polymorphism.

Articular cartilage defect repair with particulated juvenile cartilage allograft: existing problems and prospects / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Particulated juvenile cartilage allograft is simple and easy to obtain, and chondrocytes can migrate and proliferate as confirmed by in vitro culture.In the Unite States,this technique has been used in the repair of cartilage defects in the hip, knee, ankle, and elbow joints. OBJECTIVE: To review the present situation, application, and value of particulated juvenile cartilage allograft transplantation for articular cartilage repair. METHODS: A computer-based search of CNKI, PubMed, and Elsevier was performed for retrieving articles concerning particulated juvenile cartilage allograft transplantation for articular cartilage repair published from October 1983 to June 2017. The keywords were "allogeneic juvenile cartilage particles; cartilage tissue engineering; articular cartilage defects;repair" in Chinese and English, respectively. After initial screening of titles and abstracts and exclusion of irrelevant articles, 48 eligible articles were included in final analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Although a variety of treatments for cartilage repair have achieved good clinical outcomes in short-term follow-up, improving the motor function of patients and relieving pain, patients eventually develop progressive degeneration of the articular cartilage and suffer from osteoarthritis. (2) Chondrocytes from allogeneic juvenile cartilage particles have stronger ability of proliferating and repairing cartilage defects in vitro than mature chondrocytes,and have low antigenicity,which cannot cause a strong rejection after in vivo transplantation.What's more, particulated juvenile cartilage allograft transplantation can be performed as one-stage surgery if cartilage defects are confirmed under arthroscopy. (3) Particulated juvenile cartilage allograft transplantation has achieved good outcomes in basic and clinical studies in the United States. Its potential superiority has gradually been accepted by doctors and patients. (4) There are also risks for being contaminated and spreading diseases during the preparation of particulated juvenile cartilage allograft. This technology has been widely used in the United States, but there are rare data concerning its follow-up studies. Therefore, an investigation on its long-term follow-up is indispensable for the objective assessment of its long-term efficacy, with a view to the extensive promotion of this technology in the clinical practice.